Which imaging study is commonly used to assess kidney stones?

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A non-contrast CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis is considered the gold standard for assessing kidney stones due to its high sensitivity and specificity. This imaging modality provides detailed cross-sectional images that allow for the identification of even small stones, their size, and location within the urinary tract.

The non-contrast aspect is particularly beneficial for diagnosing kidney stones because it avoids exposure to radiation from contrast agents and provides clear images of calcified structures, like stones, which can be missed in other imaging studies. The speed and availability of CT scans at many medical facilities further enhance their utility in acute settings where immediate diagnosis is crucial.

In contrast, while an ultrasound can be useful for assessing stones, particularly in pediatric patients or pregnant individuals due to the lack of radiation, it is less sensitive in identifying stones compared to CT scans. Regular X-rays can demonstrate larger stones but may not detect smaller ones or those that are not sufficiently radiopaque. MRI, while excellent for soft tissue evaluation, is not a first-line imaging choice for kidney stones due to its relative complexity and cost, as well as its inferior ability to visualize and evaluate calcifications compared to CT.

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