Which anatomical structures are evaluated during a GU examination?

The evaluation of anatomical structures during a genitourinary (GU) examination focuses specifically on the components of the urinary and reproductive systems. The correct choice encompasses the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, and reproductive organs, which are all integral parts of the GU system.

The kidneys are responsible for filtering blood and producing urine, while the ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder, where urine is stored. The urethra serves as the channel through which urine exits the body. Understanding these components is essential for assessing urinary function, identifying potential obstructions or infections, and evaluating overall reproductive health. The reproductive organs, which include structures such as the ovaries and uterus in females and the testes and prostate in males, play crucial roles in sexual and reproductive functions.

In contrast, the other options focus on systems and structures unrelated to the GU system. For instance, the brain and spinal cord pertain to the neurological system, while the heart and lungs relate to the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, respectively. Muscles and joints are part of the musculoskeletal system. Thus, these options are not relevant in the context of a GU examination, which is specifically intended to assess the functioning and health of the urinary and reproductive anatomies.