What potential condition can systemic lupus erythematosus lead to affecting the GU system?

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder that can have widespread effects on various organ systems, including the genitourinary system. One of the significant complications associated with SLE is lupus nephritis, which refers to inflammation of the kidneys that occurs due to the body's immune system attacking its own tissues. This condition can lead to kidney dysfunction, as the inflammation impairs the kidneys' ability to filter blood effectively.

Patients with lupus nephritis may experience a range of symptoms related to kidney dysfunction, including proteinuria (protein in the urine), hematuria (blood in the urine), and elevated serum creatinine levels, indicating compromised kidney function. The progression of lupus nephritis can vary, but if left untreated or poorly managed, it can lead to more severe kidney damage or even end-stage renal disease, necessitating dialysis or transplantation.

This understanding highlights the importance of monitoring renal function in patients with lupus to detect and manage lupus nephritis early, thereby preventing further complications in the GU system. The other options, while they may be associated with lupus or related conditions, do not directly represent a common or severe complication within the GU system as lupus nephritis does.