What physical examination technique assesses the presence of a hernia?

The inguinal exam with a cough maneuver is the correct technique for assessing the presence of a hernia. During this examination, the healthcare provider instructs the patient to cough while palpating the inguinal area. The increase in intra-abdominal pressure during coughing can reveal the presence of a hernia, such as an inguinal hernia, by causing herniated tissue to protrude into the inguinal canal, which can then be felt on examination.

The other techniques listed have important roles in various assessments but do not specifically target the diagnosis of hernias in the same direct manner. Palpation of the abdomen might assess other abdominal organs and can help identify masses or tenderness but is not focused on hernia detection. Observation of the groin area may identify visible bulging but is limited to cases where a hernia is apparent without further confirmation through palpation. Rectal examination is primarily useful in assessing conditions related to the rectal area and the lower gastrointestinal tract and does not specifically evaluate for hernias.

Thus, the cough maneuver during the inguinal exam remains the definitive method to assess for the presence of a hernia accurately.