What is a common sign of disequilibrium syndrome during the first hemodialysis treatment?

Confusion is a common sign of disequilibrium syndrome, particularly observed during the initial stages of hemodialysis treatment. This syndrome occurs due to rapid changes in the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance when waste products are being removed from the blood. Patients can experience alterations in their mental status because of cerebral edema, caused by an osmotic imbalance as toxins that were previously retained in the body are removed quickly. This condition can result in neurological symptoms such as confusion, agitation, or even seizures in more severe cases.

The other options do not typically align with the manifestations of disequilibrium syndrome. Increased appetite is generally not associated with this condition, as many patients undergoing dialysis may have dietary restrictions that limit their appetite. Nocturia, or excessive urination at night, is more related to fluid management than to the rapid changes causing disequilibrium. Periorbital edema, while it can occur in patients with renal issues, does not specifically indicate disequilibrium syndrome during hemodialysis. Therefore, confusion stands out as a key symptom associated with this phenomenon.