What does a urinalysis consist of?

A urinalysis is a common laboratory test that provides valuable information about a person's health through the examination of urine. The primary components of a urinalysis include a physical examination, a chemical analysis, and a microscopic evaluation of the urine.

The physical examination looks at the urine's appearance, color, and clarity, which can offer cues about hydration status and possible underlying conditions. The chemical analysis typically includes tests for pH, specific gravity, protein, glucose, ketones, and other substances that can indicate various health conditions, including infections, diabetes, and liver diseases. Lastly, the microscopic evaluation involves checking for the presence of cells, crystals, bacteria, and other substances that may not be visible to the naked eye, helping to diagnose infections or other kidney-related issues.

In contrast, the other options pertain to different diagnostic methods that do not constitute a urinalysis. Blood tests to check kidney function focus on the levels of certain substances in the blood, but they do not analyze urine. X-ray imaging and ultrasound are imaging techniques used to visualize the organs but do not involve direct analysis of urine. Thus, the comprehensive approach of a urinalysis makes the first choice the correct answer.