What are common risk factors for urinary tract infections in women?

Sexual activity is a common risk factor for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women due to anatomical and physiological reasons. During sexual intercourse, bacteria from the vaginal or perianal area can be introduced into the urethra, which may lead to infection. The risk increases particularly in women who are sexually active as the urethra is shorter in women than in men, making it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder and cause an infection.

Other factors influencing UTI risk involve differences in anatomy, hormonal changes, and practices related to personal hygiene or contraceptive methods that can affect urinary tract health. While advancing age can contribute to altered immunity and other health changes that may increase susceptibility, it is not as immediate a risk factor as sexual activity. Similarly, a longer urethra, as seen in males, is associated with a lower incidence of UTIs. High fluid intake, on the other hand, generally helps to flush out bacteria from the urinary tract, reducing the likelihood of infection. Thus, sexual activity stands out as a significant risk factor specifically associated with female urinary tract infections.